Violence Essays (1674 words) - Dispute Resolution, Crime

Violence With the increase in society taking a stance against violence by many people, sports has become an area where some feel that the violent acts such as the hitting and fighting that occurs should be eliminated. You can not change something that has been around for so long because it would change the aspect of the game to something completely different. The elimination of violence should not be done in sport because the violence is a part of the game which would only hurt its popularity. The reasons that the violence is occurring in sport is due to six theories according to John Schneider. The violence in sport mirrors the violence found in society, violence as the result of economic incentives, the influence of crowd behavior on player violence, genetic causation for player aggression, learning theory and player aggression, and psychological stress and player violence (Lapchick 230). The theories of sport mirroring society, violence as a result of economic incentive, and the influence of the crowd behavior are the theories that I feel are responsible for the increasing violence in sports. Most people when involved in a highly stressful situation where violence is around would probably resort to a fight to resolve their differences. In sport, why should we expect any difference. In events such as hockey games, where people are expected to hit and make body contact, sooner or later a fight will break out and the fans will yell and scream for their favorite player involved. Like anything, if people around us are applauding us for a certain act we have done, we will try to do it over so that we will continue to be praised. In sports, there are some players whose only role on the team is to protect and enforce the unwritten rules of the game such as in hockey where it is not right to fight or hit a Wayne Gretezy or Mario Lemieux type of star player! . His economic incentive is to protect the team and if he does not, a new line of work might be in the future. All three of those theories relate closely to the role of the fighter in sport and why it is that he does commit the acts of violence. When leagues such as the National Football League (NFL) or the National Hockey League (NHL) are asked to try and remove the violence from their sport, they are hesitant because it is not what the fans want. Bryant and Zillman report that television viewers enjoy NFL plays more when they are rough and violent (McPherson 294). Why should these leagues remove the violence that is occurring if they are making money and keeping people employed. The fans of the games want to see these situations and eliminating the fighting aspect would hurt the support. When I watch a hockey game or any other sporting event with contact, there is nothing better than seeing a good fight take place. One of the best-selling videos in parts of the Northeastern United States has been a collection of the best fights in the NHL (McPherson 294). Even former NHL president Clarence Campbell felt that the violence taking place in his sport was called for and was reluctant to remove the fighting and the body contact because he knew that it is what the majority of hockey fans want. Fighting is a well-established safety valve for players. If violence ceases to exist, it will not be the same game. Insofar as fighting is part of the show, we certainly sell it. We do not promote it. We tolerate it and we bring it under disciplinary control which we believe satisfies the public (Snyder 201). Its better that the violence take place between two willing combatants such as in sports than in a situation involving spousal abuse where the majority of the times the female is being attacked against her consent. Allowing people not to be able vent their frustrations through sport in my mind would increase the violence that is happening away from the playing field. It is a known fact that sports does keep kids off the street and away from gangs which is why you see so many athletic and boxing clubs being run out of the inner city. It is allowing the youth to take that hostility out on a willing participant who is ready and consenting rather than against an innocent bystander. Some individuals have gone as far as

How to find the molarity of the acid Essay Example

How to find the molarity of the acid Essay Example How to find the molarity of the acid Essay How to find the molarity of the acid Essay We are going to do an experimentation using the technique of titration to find the concentration of solutions this is a way of measuring quantities of reactants and is useful for finding an unknown concentration .we know that an acid will react with a base so thats why we will do titration. Titration enables the reacting volumes of two solutions to be accurately found one solution is found with a pipette which slowly drops the one solution in to a conical flask of another solution and the complete reaction is shown with an indicator.At which the colour changes is called the end point. We want to find the mole ratios of the reactants and products shown by the balanced chemical equation there should be no any side reactants taking place, as these will affect our measurements. The reactant mixture must be quenched to slow down or stop the reaction. Using a base could neutralize an acid catalyst.SafetyThis experiment sodium hydroxide will be used this is a strong alkaline and can damage the skin and can also damage the eyes if splashed in them so during the experiment so I will be using safety goggles during all times I will also wear rubber gloves to protect the skin from any contact with the sodium hydroxide.EquipmentThis is the equipment that I will be using:Pipette, beaker, a white ceramic tile, a clamp and stand, burette, methyl orange. And a 250 ml standard measuring flask and some electronic scales.MethodIn this experiment I want to find out the concentration of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) with the concentration of the NaOH and used a indicator to tell me when neutralization had taken place.I had to gather a pipette, beaker, a white ceramic tile, clamp and stand, burette, methyl orange and a 250 ml standard measuring flask and some electronic scales. I got some NaOH and weighed out 3.3 grams on the electric scales. I poured 250 ml of distilled water into my standard measuring flask and then placed the NaOH pellets into the 250 ml of distilled water the pelle ts are hydroscopic and absorb water from the atmosphere around them so I had to move quickly at this stage.I set up my clamp and stand and clamped the graduated burette and I put on my goggles. I measured out 25 ml of HCl and put this into the pipette. I then used the pipette to measure about 25 ml of NaOH and then this was poured this into a conical glass. I put three drops of methyl orange to the NaOH and stirred it around until the solution changed orange. I placed the conical glass under the burette and placed a white tile underneath the conical glass to help me watch me the indicator change colour.I made a results table the first time this experiment would be conducted it would be the rough to give me an indication of when to stop the burette then I would repeat it three times. While the HCl was being gradually dropped into the conical flask I had to continually had to swirl the NaOH and methyl orange solution until the colour changed from yellow to orange. When I went past thi s point of adding too much HCl the colour would go to red this was known as the end point. I found on the first time of conducting this experiment I found at around about 17cm3 was where I needed to stop graduating the solution into the conical flask.Results tableRough1st attempt2nd attempt3rd attempt17.817.117.017.1The average was 17.061 mol of NaOH = 40 gx mol of NaOH = 3.3 g3.3 g /40 g = x0.0825 = x mol0.0825 mol of NaOH dissolved in 250 ml (0.25dm 3) distilled water0.25 dm 3 =0.0825 mol1 dm 3 = x mol0.0825 x 1 /0.25 = x mol=0.33 mol /dm3Finding the concentration of hydrochloric acidMAVA = a MA x 0.01706 = 1MBVB = b 0.33 x 0.025 = 1MA x 0.01706 x 1 = 0.33 x 0.025 x 1MA x 0.01706 = 0.00825MA = 0.008250.01706MA = 0.48 mol/dm3ConclusionI found out that the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.48 mol/dm3 . the experiment was repeated three times and the results obtained did not differ from no more than 0.1 . this proved that the experiment was carried out carefully and the results were accurate.EvaluationIn this experiment I feel that I should have dried out the conical flask after cleaning it out with the distilled water as this has most likely affected the concentration of the NaOH. I should have also cleaned and dried out the graduated burette as this also could have affected the final results but this would have proved to be too difficult as it was very narrow and long I dont think that I could have read a tenth of a cc on the graduated pipette of the water that I could not have dried out. All the experiments were conducted on the same day so the room temperature stayed the same.

The Judiciary Act of 1801 and the Midnight Judges

The Judiciary Act of 1801 and the Midnight Judges   The Judiciary Act of 1801 reorganized the federal judicial branch by creating the nation’s first circuit court judgeships. The act and the last-minute manner in which several so-called â€Å"midnight judges† were appointed resulted in a classic battle between the Federalists, who wanted a stronger federal government, and the weaker government Anti-Federalists for control of the still-developing U.S. court system. Background: The Election of 1800 Until ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution in 1804, the electors of the Electoral College cast their votes for president and vice president separately. As a result, the sitting president and vice president could be from different political parties or factions. Such was the case in 1800  when incumbent Federalist President John Adams faced off against incumbent Republican Anti-Federalist Vice President Thomas Jefferson in the 1800 presidential election. In the election, sometimes called the â€Å"Revolution of 1800,† Jefferson defeated Adams. However, before Jefferson was inaugurated, the Federalist-controlled Congress passed, and still-President Adams  signed the Judiciary Act of 1801. After a year filled with political controversy over its enactment and implantation, the act was repealed in 1802. What Adams’ Judiciary Act of 1801 Did Among other provisions, the Judiciary Act of 1801, enacted along with the Organic Act for the District of Columbia, reduced the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices from six to five and eliminated the requirement that the Supreme Court justices also â€Å"ride circuit† to preside over cases in the lower courts of appeals. To take care of the circuit court duties, the law created 16 new presidentially-appointed judgeships spread over six judicial districts. In many ways the act’s further divisions of the states into more circuit and district courts served to make the federal courts even more powerful than the state courts, a move strongly opposed by the Anti-Federalists. The Congressional Debate Passage of the Judiciary Act of 1801 did not come easily. The legislative process in Congress came to a virtual halt during the debate between Federalists and Jefferson’s Anti-Federalist Republicans. Congressional Federalists and their incumbent President John Adams supported the act, arguing that more judges and courts would help protect the federal government from hostile state governments they called â€Å"the corrupters of public opinion,† in reference to their vocal opposition to the replacement of the Articles of Confederation by the Constitution.    Anti-Federalist Republicans and their incumbent vice president Thomas Jefferson argued that the act would further weaken the state governments and help Federalists gain influential appointed jobs or â€Å"political patronage positions† within the federal government.  The Republicans also argued against expanding the powers of the very courts that had prosecuted many of their immigrant supporters under the Alien and Sedition Acts. Passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress and signed by President Adams in 1789, the Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to silence and weaken the Anti-Federalist Republican Party. The laws gave the government the power to prosecute and deport foreigners, as well as limiting their right to vote. While an early version of the Judiciary Act of 1801 had been introduced before the 1800 presidential election, Federalist President John Adams signed the act into law on February 13, 1801. Less than three weeks later, Adams’ term and the Federalist’s majority in the Sixth Congress would end. When Anti-Federalist Republican President Thomas Jefferson took office on March 1, 1801, his first initiative was to see to it that the Republican-controlled Seventh Congress repealed the act he so passionately detested. The ‘Midnight Judges’ Controversy Aware that Anti-Federalist Republican Thomas Jefferson would soon sit as his desk, outgoing President John Adams had quickly- and controversially- filled the 16 new circuit judgeships, as well as several other new court-related offices created by the Judiciary Act of 1801, mostly with members of his own Federalist party. In 1801, the District of Columbia consisted of two counties, Washington (now Washington, D.C.) and Alexandria (now Alexandria, Virginia). On March 2, 1801, outgoing President Adams nominated 42 people to serve as justices of the peace in the two counties. The Senate, still controlled by Federalists, confirmed the nominations on March 3. Adams began signing the 42 new judges’ commissions  but did not complete the task until late in the night of his last official day in office. As a result, Adams’ controversial actions became known as the â€Å"midnight judges† affair, which was about to become even more controversial. Having just been named Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, former Secretary of State John Marshall placed the great seal of the United States on the commissions of all 42 of the â€Å"midnight justices.† However, under the law at the time, judicial commissions were not considered official until they were physically delivered to the new judges. Mere hours before Anti-Federalist Republican President-elect Jefferson took office, Chief Justice John Marshall’s brother James Marshall began delivering the commissions. But by the time President Adams left office at noon on March 4, 1801, only a handful of the new judges in Alexandria County had received their commissions. None of the commissions bound for the 23 new judges in Washington County had been delivered and President Jefferson would start his term with a judicial crisis. The Supreme Court Decides Marbury v. Madison When Anti-Federalist Republican President Thomas Jefferson first sat down in the Oval Office, he found the still undelivered â€Å"midnight judges† commissions issued by his rival Federalist predecessor John Adams waiting for him. Jefferson immediately reappointed the six Anti-Federalist Republicans who Adams had appointed, but refused to reappoint the remaining 11 Federalists. While most of the snubbed Federalists accepted Jefferson’s action, Mr. William Marbury, to say the least, did not. Marbury, an influential Federalist Party leader from Maryland, sued the federal government in an attempt to force the Jefferson administration to deliver his judicial commission and allow him to take his place on the bench. Marbury’s suit resulted in one of the most important decisions in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court, Marbury v. Madison. In its Marbury v. Madison decision, the Supreme Court established the principle that a federal court could declare a law enacted by Congress void if that law was found to be inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution. â€Å"A Law repugnant to the Constitution is void,† stated the ruling. In his suit, Marbury asked the courts to issue a writ of mandamus forcing President Jefferson to deliver all of the undelivered judicial commissions signed by former President Adams. A writ of mandamus is an order issued by a court to a government official ordering that official to properly carry out their official duty or correct an abuse or error in the application of their power. While finding that Marbury was entitled to his commission, the Supreme Court refused to issue the writ of mandamus. Chief Justice John Marshall, writing the Court’s unanimous decision, held that the Constitution did not give the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus. Marshall further held that a section of the Judiciary Act of 1801 providing that writs of mandamus might be issued was not consistent with the Constitution and was therefore void. While it specifically denied the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus, Marbury v. Madison greatly increased the Court’s overall power by establishing the rule that â€Å"it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.† Indeed, since Marbury v. Madison, the power to decide the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress has been reserved to the U.S. Supreme Court. Repeal of the Judiciary Act Of 1801 Anti-Federalist Republican President Jefferson moved swiftly to undo his Federalist predecessor’s expansion of the federal courts. In January 1802, Jefferson’s staunch supporter, Kentucky Senator John Breckinridge introduced a bill repealing the Judiciary Act of 1801. In February, the hotly debated bill was passed by the Senate in a narrow 16-15 vote. The Anti-Federalist Republican-controlled House of Representatives passed the Senate bill without amendment in March and after a year of controversy and political intrigue, the Judiciary Act of 1801 was no more.

Let Me Say It Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Let Me Say It - Essay Example Moreover, the family and the society is always engaging to bring out the best among family members (Kragen). It has been observed that the continuous communication maintain cohesion among nation and where there is breakdown of interpersonal communication there are tension that lead to conflict. Moreover, the process of communication is influenced by what one says (Interpersonal Communication and Personality). The respondent analyses the message he receives and respond to it appropriately (Kragen). ‘Interpersonal communication is irreversible’ (Kragen). Once people act or communicate to other people it is not possible to erase or reverse the process. For example when a person send out an email it is not possible to withdraw what has been sent. Moreover, it is impossible to forget peoples behaviors learned through communication exchanges. Furthermore, it is impossible to undo an act or unsee things already seen. The communication process in interpersonal communication cannot be restarted and presenting a new version of a story does not erase a previous good or bad episode. Therefore, what people communicate become a behavioral sequence of interpersonal communication

Introduction to counselling- module 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to counselling- module 3 - Essay Example Needs which could be found at the higher levels of the hierarchy are not strongly geared towards physical survival, instead their focus are more on the psychological well-being and growth. These needs have lesser power in motivating individuals and they are more influenced by the individual’s life experiences and even formal education. The ensuing hierarchy of needs is frequently portrayed as a pyramid, with physical survival needs situated at the bottom of at the foundation of the pyramid whereas the needs for self-actualization are situated at the top. During the time the hierarchy of needs was developed, psychology in the early 1960s was dominated by two views of human behavior. These views are the behaviorist as well as the psychoanalytic. The psychoanalytic view places its emphasis on the unconscious conflicts and makes, drawing a lot of of its conceptions from case studies of neurotic people. On the other hand, the behaviorist view places more attention on the function of learning and generated a lot of its principles from observations of animal behavior. Maslow put forward the observation that the psychoanalysts fell short to take into account the behavior of healthy human beings, at the same time as the behaviorists were very mechanistic and basically took notice of the subjective experience. Maslow possessed the conception that that no theory of human personality would be absolute without a systematic investigation of healthy functioning, in this case he ventured out to inspect the conscious motivations as well as experiences of individuals who are healthy. One essential result was that psychologically healthy people have more tendencies to put into account what Maslow referred to as "peak experiences." Maslow described a peak experience as one in which the individual loses a sense of place and time and goes through a fleeting feeling of harmony

Romeos cousin Essay Example for Free

Romeos cousin Essay In the ending of the prologue, violent scenes are rapidly shown. During one of the clips, a helicopter flies over Verona giving us very quick views of the city below. This creates a shaky image of the city. The audience experience a feeling of being on board the helicopter looking down. As the montage progresses to the end, the operatic music playing in the background becomes louder until it reaches a climax. Baz Luhrmann has compressed many section of the film in a short space of time. In one of the clips, we also see a little choirboy singing, and then a shot of Juliet as she unveils, dressed in white wedding dress in a church. This little boy signifies innocence and the church suggest religious setting as well as the little boy. The noisy, riotous gunfire creates a picture of a city in chaos. Police officers armed with guns and fire around the area gives us the impression that Verona is not safe and there is a lot of violence. The fire symbolises anger and hatred, a theme that runs through the Romeo and Juliet play. In one of the scenes, as the choirboy opens his mouth to sing, a clip of someone shooting a gun is shown. Baz Luhrmann puts these images together to create a feeling of the choirboy being shot. As the prologue ends there is a large cross icon in red with white stripes, which becomes smaller and the text Romeo and Juliet is shown. The cross replaces the word and in the text. The red colour of the cross symbolises death. Baz Luhrmann has made the prologue exciting by the use of the images, sounds and editing techniques. The images in the prologue are like a trailer of what will happen in the film. (Baz Luhrmann knows that teenagers have a short attention span, so he sets the pace of the prologue at a high speed with excitement. This is another way he gets the appeal of the younger audience). After the prologue has finished Baz Luhrmann uses a range of camera shots to draw the attention of the audience and to get the audience involved. The most effective of all the shots are the point of view and extreme close up shots. Baz Luhrmann uses the extreme close up shot when he is showing the family arms on the guns, he uses this type of shot because with the extreme close up you could see the difference between the two arms, the Capulets arm is gold, red and black where as the Montagues arm is silver, blue and black these colour differences represent the differences in the families. He also uses the extreme close up when he shows Tyblots (Juliets cousin) and Benvolios (Romeos cousin) eyes usually this is used when there is a shootout about to happen therefore Baz Luhrmann is foreshowing that there is going to be a shootout which does happen, furthermore he uses this shot to show the expressions on their faces Tybolt looks confident but Benvolio looks shaken. To get the audience involved with the movie he uses the point of view shot. It is used when two of the Montague boys try to escape the shootout and Tyblot sees them and takes aim, as Tyblot is taking aim it seems like we are taking aim. Finally, Baz Luhrmann also uses the zoom in shot to show how he has transformed the movie, sword in to guns, he does this by zooming in to Benvolios guns as he aiming for Abra and the printing on hes gun says Sword 9 mm Series S. The director doesnt only use the colours of the family arms to shows the difference in the families, he also uses costumes. As the prologue ends it shows the Montague boys in the car, the boys are all wearing Hawaiian shirts which are undone, (this relates with young boys lives) the Hawaiian shirts represent fun and shows that the Monatuges are lively and immature. When the Montague boys get to the fuel station minutes later the Capulets come, the Capultes are wearing black suits this shows that they are serious and mature. This shows that Baz Luhrmann makes the Montagues immature and lively but does the opposite for the Capulets, mature and serious. In conclusion, Baz Luhrmann has made a mind-blowing, hair gripping, exciting movie and has transformed every part of this play in to a movie, except one the concept of marriage. He had changed swords to guns, the Prince to a cop. It was acceptable for people to get married at a young age in Shakespeares time, because of the low life expectancy. But since we have high life expectancy we intend to get married between the ages of 20-40 years old, yet Baz Luhrmann fails to show this. Baz Luhrmann also fails to appeal to a wider audience since his main target audience is teenagers.

Blue Collar Student: Are Jobs Good Or Bad? :: essays research papers

Blue Collar Student: Are Jobs Good or Bad? Are part time jobs good or bad for a student? This is an interesting question that pertains to almost half of all high school students. Jobs provide students with many different qualities but at what cost? This will be the topic of discussion in this paper. Part time jobs are as common to students as mooing is to cows. Many students find it necessary to have a job after school and during the summer. One benefit of having a job is it builds character in oneself. Having a responsibility at work and working with others builds ones leadership and teamwork abilities. Students also have the ability to earn some extra money to help pay for a car and the insurance required to drive it. It also allows students to get a sense of independence as they are not always relying on mom and dad to give them money. For example, your friend Jim has a job making sundaes at dairy queen. Jim works about 24 hours a week and makes $4.50 an hour. At the end of that week , Jim has $80 that he can call his own. Jim could go to the movies, buy a new pair of shoes, or do whatever he wants to do with it. Jim worked hard for his money and after all, it is his money. Another alternative to spending this hard earned money is to save it in a bank and use it for college. This is all fine and dandy but what about school and the homework teachers send home. If a student does have a part time job when will he get this work done. Part time jobs can take away the precious time that students need to study and do homework. Let's just say for instance that our friend Jim has a final exam tomorrow. Wait a minute though, it's Thursday and Jim works from 4 to 10. Jim has no time to study before he goes to work so he figures he'll do it after work. Jim gets swamped at Dairy Queen and by the end of his shift, he's so tired he can barely drive home. When Jim does get home, he cracks the books and starts studying about Beowulf. After about ten minutes of that, Jim is fast asleep and before you know it, Jim's mom is telling him to wake up. Jim takes is exam, knowing nothing about Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxons or anything else that was on his English exam and to no suprise, he gets an â€Å"F.

Kroger Company Case Analysis Essay

A. Case Abstract This is a comprehensive strategic management case that includes the company’s financial statements, organization chart, competitor information, and industry trends. Sufficient internal and external data are provided to enable students to evaluate current strategies and recommend a three-year strategic plan for the company. The Kroger Company, Inc., with headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio (513-762-4000), operates over 2,500 supermarkets, 795 convenience stores, and 436 jewelry stores. The Kroger Company employs approximately 290,000 employees. The company achieved annual revenues of $56.4 million in fiscal year ending February 2005, compared to $53.7 million in 2004. Kroger is ranked #19 on the Fortune 500 list and is ranked as the third largest retailer in the world, behind Wal-Mart (#1) and the Home Depot (#2). The company has been in existence for over one hundred years and is the # 1 pure grocery chain in the United States with over 3,770 (including subsidiary businesses) sto res in 32 states. Kroger and its subsidiary operations market food, pharmacy, and jewelry products. B. Vision Statement (proposed) Our vision is to be America’s supermarket, and to continue to provide innovation and unparalleled value to our customers, employees, and shareholders. C. Mission Statement (actual) Our mission is to be a leader in the distribution and merchandising of food, pharmacy, health and personal care items, seasonal merchandise, and related products and services. (proposed) 1. Provide the freshest food, highest quality products, and exceptional service to our customers all at reasonable prices; 2. Be a leader in the distribution and merchandising of food, pharmacy, health and personal care  items, seasonal merchandise, and related products and services; 3. Strive to have a prominent, profitable presence and positive name recognition in all 50 states and the District of Columbia; 4. Employ the latest and most innovative technology to improve distribution, enhance customer service, anticipate customer needs, cut costs, and compete using an arsenal of consumer data; 5. Continuously review the performance of each and every Kroger store, manufacturing facility, employee, and private label product to insure that every element of the company is contributing to its growth and financial strength; 6. Hold fast to our corporate values of honesty, integrity, respect for others, diversity, safety, and inclusion; 7. Uphold the motto of our founder, â€Å"Be partic ular. Never sell anything you would not want yourself.† 8. Contribute generously to causes that relieve hunger and provide medicine to the poor; and 9. Compensate our employees in a manner that is consistent with the exceptionally high quality of customer service that is expected of them, striving to maintain positive relationships with the labor unions that represent our many associates across the country. This mission statement incorporates all aspects of the company’s interests. The first point relates to the fact that Kroger must differentiate itself on the basis of fresh food, high quality products, and exceptional service. In this respect, Kroger has a strategic advantage, since rivals like Wal-Mart are weak on customer service, and since Kroger manufactures many of its own items, it therefore has more control over quality and prices. The third point is important since Kroger now has a very weak presence on the East Coast. Kroger is missing opportunities by not having grocery stores in places like New Jersey, Maryland, and Florida. The fourth point is supported by Kroger’s new relationship with dunnhumby, a database management company from the United Kingdom, which is partnering with Kroger to better utilize consumer information to improve sales. This is an overwhelming strength against Wal-Mart, which does not even issue loyalty cards to its customers, and therefore, does not have access to nearly as vast a customer database as Kroger does. Point five is key, since Kroger must have the management dexterity and courage to close underperforming stores, execute make-versus-buy decisions, and implement enterprise-wide changes quickly when necessary. D. Class Discussion Questions and Issues 1. Considering Kroger’s current position in the industry, would you advise an international expansion strategy? If so, in what international market(s)? How would you suggest entrance with respect to location selections and number of units? Currently, Kroger has no existence in international markets, it would be advisable for Kroger to enter, perhaps Mexico and/or Canada, with a limited number of locations so it can test and strengthen the market at one or both international arenas. While Wal-Mart seems to exist everywhere, Canada is a promising economy to test 3 to 5 store locations. 2. If international expansion is one recommended strategy, discuss the pros and cons of considering hiring expatriate leadership/management teams. Leading/operating in international markets requires a thorough cultural understanding of the respective country. It’s difficult for expatriates to serve in such a capacity without having a conceptualization of the culture. It is advisable to recruit local leaders from the countries and perhaps examine local operational functions to ensure they are adaptable to business/cultural standards abroad. The use of expatriates can be considered a strength as they are aware of the corporate functions/culture and can operate with minimal direction abroad. 3. Discuss cultural diversity/sensitivity management, as it applies to Kroger Company, Inc. How might it differ and what should Kroger consider/incorporate if international expansion efforts are proposed? Cultural diversity is critical regarding workforce. Kroger should consider recruiting proposed international market leaders and training them at their headquarters. This would constitute leadership that represents the sociological culture of a respective country coupled with the values/operational functions of headquarters as a result of training, etc.  There is more of a ‘buy-in’ when local cultural leaders are in power, where transfer of objectives would take place much easier. 4. Discuss how Kroger can take advantage of the concept of synergy. Kroger operates over 40 manufacturing facilities and should continue to focus on this business to operate the system more lean, where it can achieve optimal operating costs, converting to manufacturing savings and better pricing for consumers relating to corporate brand (55%) goods (www.kroger.com). Moreover, Kroger can benefit from manufacturing dairy/bakery, etc., goods at a reduced price that it sells in its grocery stores, which can be considered a strategic advantage. 5. How can Kroger, if at all, keep competitors at a distance? In your response discuss expansion in the United States, abroad, product line(s), and portfolio management. Kroger should continue to focus on its core business, grocery, by identifying emerging markets (population > 20,000) and expanding. Additionally, continue to focus on product lines (grocery), with respect to buying power and sales. Incorporate more self-checkout units in stores to cut employee costs. Also, expand the jewelry business into more states and perhaps consider international expansion into Mexico and/or Canada too. 6. How effective is the â€Å"Strategic Growth Plan†? Would you change and/or recommend any additions? The growth plan in its current state is worthy; however, should include specific language/objectives with respect to international expansion to better compete with rival competitors. The focus should be to operate more lean and expand businesses that are achieving lucrative sales. 7. What influence, if any, may consumer purchasing behavior affect an organization’s (grocery retail) considerations to transition abroad? Please discuss: Specialty outlets, such as butcher/meat shops, produce and flower outdoor markets, etc. Sociological factors, such as diet and grocery purchasing frequencies, etc. Kroger should always focus on behavior patterns of consumers; one way to monitor this may be by use of a â€Å"club card† where consumer transactions are able to be recorded and reviewed. This is especially valuable abroad as behavior patterns are obviously different, simply just by physically noticing what is purchased and the quantity also. In Europe, butcher, flower markets, and outdoor produce markets are all highly common, where prices are lower as a result of operating expenses are being trimmed. Moreover, a greater part of the world (Asia and Europe) consumption patterns are minimal compared to the United States. It is common for consumers to visit the grocery store to purchase enough items to store in a shopping basket, as opposed to an average shopping visit in the United States which may require the use of a shopping cart. Obesity factors should be considered too. E. External Audit Opportunities 1. Supermarket sales of drugs grew 6.9% to $27 billion in 2004. 2. Wal-Mart has a large, recruitable low-paid, nonunion workforce. 3. Organic food sales are up 19.5% annually over the last 5 years. 4. Hispanic shoppers spend $117/week vs. $87/week average on groceries. 5. Hispanic population growth rate = 13% = 4X average. 6. Margins for private-label products are 35-45% vs. 27% for national brands. 7. 87% of consumers have tried private-label products. Threats 1. Traditional drugstores are focusing on customer service and merchandising. 2. Mail-order pharmacies are the fastest-growing format in the industry (up  17.9%). 3. Health plans allow larger supplies of drugs for Mail-order pharmacies. 4. Drug price inflation has led to illegal drug importation. 5. Supercenters are dominating the market share of grocery sales. 6. Wal-Mart is tops in logistics technology.  7. Labor costs account for >50% of operating expenses.  8. Price pressure was the cause of the Southern California strikes.

HAT task 3 Essay

SARS is known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS was identified in late February 2003 by Dr. Ubani World Health Organization epidemiologist, but the first case of SARS was seen in November 2002 in the Guangdong Province of Southern China. The SARS was particularly seen within the healthcare workers and in their family members. The most of cases were fatal. Due to the unknown respiratory disease and it was spreading fast among people. World Health Organization (WHO) was notified. By the time WHO was involved, there was already 305 cases and five deaths of an unknown disease were reported (Christian, 2003). A medical doctor who was caring infected personnel in Guangdong Province in February 2003 was the source of transmission of the infection. This doctor traveled to Hong Kong and stayed in the hotel at ninth floor for one night. During his stay at the hotel, the virus was spread among the other guests who were staying in the ninth floor of the hotel. From there, these guests a nd visitors implanted outbreaks of cases to the various hospitals of Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Singapore. Concurrently the SARS was spread worldwide by air as infected individuals travel back to their home to United States of America, Canada (Toronto), and other countries of the world. (Christian, 2003). From November 2002- July 2003, there were a total of 8,098 possible cases of SARS were reported to the WHO from 29 different countries. From 8,098 cases, 774 deaths were reported. The ratio’s of mortality was reported to be Singapore was 14%, Hong Kong 17%, France 14%, and Canada 17% (Sars basic fact, â€Å"2012). The SARS epidemic was contained in July 2003. Data SARS is severe respiratory disease, and corona virus causes it. Corona viruses usually related to respiratory disease in some animal kind. Usually SARS has about 4-6 days of the incubation period. The most people started to feel sick within 2-10 days of exposure to the virus. The first primary symptom is high fever then it followed by headaches; generalized weakness and body ache, chills; rigors are common symptoms of the disease. Ten to  twenty percent of patients did experience some diarrhea. The first 2-10 days, patient also experienced nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia as disease progressed. The initial phase of the disease, the chest x-ray, doesn’t show any changes and are negative. As the disease progressed, the chest x-ray shows some interstitial infiltrates this means development of pneumonia. Because of the development of pneumonia, about 15-25% of patients require mechanical ventilation, despite mechanical ventilation half of the patient’ s still die. The risk of dying with SARS increases with advanced age and any other underlying medical condition for example diabetes. The death rate of 10% can increase to 50% in patient’s older than age of 60 (Parashar, 2004). Blood test shows decline in absolute lymphocyte count with normal to low white blood cell count. About 70-90% of patient showed a lymphopenia and 30-50% showed thrombocytopenia throughout peak stage (Parashar, 2004). Liver and renal functions need to monitor closely. The treatment of SARS usually supportive and also depends on the patient’s clinical picture. SARS treatment is usually similar to pneumonia antipyretics for fever, oxygen for hypoxemia, and ventilation in severe cases. There is no known supportive data on the effectiveness of the vaccine or antiviral agents (Trivedi, 2011 P. 1). The epidemiological data on SARS approximated mortality rate between 14-15%. During the epidemic, there were 8098 possible cases of SARS with 774 (9.6%) dea ths reported in different 29 countries (Parashar, 2004). The highest rate of cases was reported in China and Hong Kong. There were also some cases in Taiwan, Singapore, and Canada. Most of patients who got the virus were between 25-70 years of age. There were only few cases under 15 years and younger. The most of people were infected before the global alert was issued. There were only 27 cases of SARS in United States with no deaths. SARS transmission among people was fast and it made difficult to control the outbreak. Early Recognition and initiation of isolation of infected people is necessary. It is also essential to provide information to the infected communities and initiation of a global alert was also helpful to contain the spread of SARS. Route of Transmission Corona virus causes SARS, and it is usually found in some animal kind. Thirty percent of SARS cases were found in people who were handling food. Corona virus is usually spread by close contact with infected respiratory droplets of the sick person. The major mode of transmission is a close person to person contact. An infected person sneezes or coughs in the air and their droplets spread about 3 feet in distance. If a healthy person is standing nearby (about three feet) than the droplets enters into their mucus membranes of the nose, eyes, and mouth. The SARS can be spread by touching an infected object and then touches your nose, eyes, and mouth. The close contact also means sharing your eating or drinking utensils, kissing and hugging, and talking and standing by sick person. There is no evidence data on airborne transmission. The transmission can be prevented by identifying and isolating the infected object. The most important step to stop transmission of any disease is hand hygiene either using alcohol based hand sanitizer or simple hand wash with soap and water. Wearing proper mask is also important since droplets spread SARS. Graphic Representation Effect on Community SARS outbreak had a high effect on communities of all over the world. It did affected communities economically and psychosocially. According to the World Health Organization, airline industries lost business approximated from 30,000 to 140,000 million US dollars. Due to the outbreak people were canceling their flights to Asian countries. Effected communities also suffered psychosocially. Some ethnic groups experienced discrimination and quarantined. The affected communities suffered from fear and anxiety. People stop going out due to the spread of disease. Many schools and borders were closed for a course of time. To decrease stress and anxiety among people education about SARS was given. People were taught about signs and symptoms of the disease and how the disease was spread. Education was also given on how to control infection such as covering mouth or nose during coughing or sneezing, wearing mask at crowded places, using tissues to contain mucus, and the importance of hand washi ng with soap and water. Protocol Every state has a protocol how to report a communicable disease. These protocols help health care provider to prevent the outbreak of a communicable disease. When health care provider finds a case of SARS, the  initial step is to isolate the infected person. The second step is to notify state and county health department about the possible case of SARS. The Center for Disease Control should also be notified about the case. According to the Center for Disease Control, it is mandatory for healthcare worker to report † All persons requiring hospitalization for radio-graphically confirmed pneumonia who report at least one of three risk factors for exposure to SARS-CoV, any clusters of unexplained pneumonia especially among health care workers, and any positive SARS-CoV test results† (â€Å"In the absence,† 2005). The main step for any heath care facility is to arrange for the SARS laboratory test. Once the SARS laboratory test is confirmed, and it is positive in the infected person. The next step is to do further testing of the sick person such as chest x-ray, blood cultures, pulse oximetry, the sputum sample for gram stain and culture, complete blood cell count, influenza A and B test to rule out viral illness, and urine test Legionella and pneumococcal antigen (â€Å"In the absence,† 2005). Sick person should admit as an inpatient and placed on droplet precautions. Family or Friends and any possibly exposed people to the sick person should be notified and assessed for signs and symptoms of the disease. Modification of Care Air quality index (AQI) is used for to monitor the air quality outdoors. The air quality index is used to notify public about the air pollution. It helps the patient who has respiratory illnesses such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis either acute or chronic, flu or SARS and the old people and pediatric population. These people fall under a sensitive group. According to Environmental Protection Agency, the air quality index scale is 0-500, but in United States it never exceeds above 200 (â€Å"Patient exposure and,† 2014). This is the reason in most of the cases the index is usually shown between 0-300. Increase number of air quality index represents increased air pollution. Air quality index number is 100 or lower is usually decent. If the air quality index is higher than 100, it is not healthy for the sensitive group. Even air quality index of 51 can cause symptoms in people with respiratory problems. Air quality index number of 51 represents moderate air quality. It is essen tial to teach patients about air quality index website www.airnow.gov so they can continue to monitor air quality. The days of poor air quality index, the people who have respiratory problems  should plan to stay home or indoors as much as possible. They should avoid exhausting activities or exercising outdoors. The people should also keep windows and doors closed and keep checking the air quality index and plan their activities accordingly. If the affected person cannot stay inside, he or she should wear a mask before going out. People should be educated about triggers what makes their disease exacerbation, about signs and symptoms of their disease such as Shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. They should keep their rescue inhalers nearby in case of emergency. It is also necessary to teach them about when and where to get medical attention. Affected people can be benefited from antihistamines, nebulizers, and decongestant. Reference Christian, H. (2003). Sars reference 10/2003. (Third ed., Vol. October, p. 170). Flying publisher. Retrieved from http://www.sarsreference.com In the absence of sars-cov transmission worldwide: Guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting version 2. (2005, May 03). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/sars/Surveillance/absence.htm Parashar, U. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome: review and lessons of the 2003 outbreak. International Epidemiological Association, 4(33), 628-634. Retrieved from http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/4/628.full Patient exposure and the air quality index. (2014, March 12). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/o3healthtraining/aqi.html (â€Å"Sars basic fact,† 2012)Sars basic fact sheet. (2012, July 02). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-SARS.html Trivedi, M. N. (2011). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237755-overview The World Health Organ ization. Retrieved on November 27.2012 http://www. who.int/csr/sars/en

Online Sales Tools essays

Online Sales Tools essays Norvergence Online Sales Tools CIS/319 Computers Being in sales out on the road and working from home there is not much exposure to the development of new systems. However being the end user of an operations system which is used to view weekly schedules and complete proposals the sales person is able to give a perspective on this system. The proposal portion is a is a structured system that configures pricing based on the inputs which are taken from a prospects current billing for telecomm services and a profit analysis to come up with the proposed price of services. The control is attained by submitting the proposal with the prospects billing information to check that the sales person understood and inputted the billing information correctly. Also a call is made to the prospect to review the information for a second time. The second part of this system is the ability to view a weekly schedule online. The sales persons schedule mostly consists of appointments made by the inside sales team. So any misinformation can lead to lost time and lost prospects. There is currently a lack of controls in place which is causing these problems to occur for the sales person. The problems that derive from lack of controls are inefficiency and loss of prospects both frustrating and costly. Prior to the system being in place, if there was a change in the schedule, either a cancelled appointment or an added appointment the sales person would receive an email and a phone call on their cell phone to be notified of the change whether the change was effecting the next hour or the next week. Now the system is relied on to notify the sales person by viewing the schedule on line. There are two problems with this. One the schedule does not update real time, so if the sales perso ...

Biography of T. S. Eliot

Elliot is a man known for his devotion to literature, a poet who decides to overcome all obstacles and to occupy a higher position in the world of literature. Eliot's poetry addressed his more uneasy life experience, not for cowards, but depression, illness, a complex society of the First World War. These trials and hardships collapsed Elliott, which was driven by his wife, Vivian's illness, and began publishing at night. As Eikin said, Eliot is notorious for leaving his reader in a notorious way (T.S. In a wonderful biography of Peter Ackroyd, this is one of the pleasant episodes. T. S. Elliott was really striving hard and he succeeded. In the publication of The Waste Land, Eliot broke the pattern of poetry and broke the pattern in the novel like Joyce's Ulysses (the same year that was published in 1922). There is Thomas Sterns Elliot before and after the history of poetry. Who is he, did this person create a new literary movement, in fact the language of the new poetry, the ability to open our consciousness with the sharpness of diamonds (AndersÃâ€"sterling, 1948 Swedish Academy permanent secretary). Ted Hughes said what he likes is There is a straight line that goes from Virgil to Dante, from Dante to Milton, from Milton to Elliot, and there are over 300 years of a great poet. Hamlet and his problem is one of T. S. Eliot's most important and influential papers. It was first published in 1919. In Hamlet and his problem, Elliott boldly declared that Shakespeare play Hamlet was an artistic failure, not a victory. why? Elliott is provocative about this statement, but he provides several reasons for this position. In this article we will analyze Eliot articles that can be read here. Overall, Elliott's claim in Hamlet and his problem is that the theater of Shakespeare is failure, but the drama is very familiar as a work of art everywhere. It is not more than that defect. This bold revisionist's claim is based on several aspects, in particular the fact that Shakes peare inherited Hamlet's original script from other writers (probably Thomas Kid who wrote the Spanish tragedy). In his book Defense T. Eliot (2001) and T. S. Eliot (2006), Craygrain is trying to defend Eliot from anti-Semitism accusations. Looking back on the book in 2006, Paul Dean said he does not believe Rennes' assertions. Still he said, In the final analysis, it is argued that Eliot might have been compromised as a person, just like Rennes in justice.In another comment published by Rain in 2006, Literature Critic Terry Eagleton also questioned Ryan's Elliott's defense against the character deficits as well as Ryan's books: Critics why they wrote like affectionate parents Do not you listen to the criticisms of children you dislike, thinking that you need to protect the writers, Elliott's reputation has no profit as much as the established archangel Gabriel? Biography of T. S. Eliot Elliot is a man known for his devotion to literature, a poet who decides to overcome all obstacles and to occupy a higher position in the world of literature. Eliot's poetry addressed his more uneasy life experience, not for cowards, but depression, illness, a complex society of the First World War. These trials and hardships collapsed Elliott, which was driven by his wife, Vivian's illness, and began publishing at night. As Eikin said, Eliot is notorious for leaving his reader in a notorious way (T.S. In a wonderful biography of Peter Ackroyd, this is one of the pleasant episodes. T. S. Elliott was really striving hard and he succeeded. In the publication of The Waste Land, Eliot broke the pattern of poetry and broke the pattern in the novel like Joyce's Ulysses (the same year that was published in 1922). There is Thomas Sterns Elliot before and after the history of poetry. Who is he, did this person create a new literary movement, in fact the language of the new poetry, the ability to open our consciousness with the sharpness of diamonds (AndersÃâ€"sterling, 1948 Swedish Academy permanent secretary). Ted Hughes said what he likes is There is a straight line that goes from Virgil to Dante, from Dante to Milton, from Milton to Elliot, and there are over 300 years of a great poet. Hamlet and his problem is one of T. S. Eliot's most important and influential papers. It was first published in 1919. In Hamlet and his problem, Elliott boldly declared that Shakespeare play Hamlet was an artistic failure, not a victory. why? Elliott is provocative about this statement, but he provides several reasons for this position. In this article we will analyze Eliot articles that can be read here. Overall, Elliott's claim in Hamlet and his problem is that the theater of Shakespeare is failure, but the drama is very familiar as a work of art everywhere. It is not more than that defect. This bold revisionist's claim is based on several aspects, in particular the fact that Shakes peare inherited Hamlet's original script from other writers (probably Thomas Kid who wrote the Spanish tragedy). In his book Defense T. Eliot (2001) and T. S. Eliot (2006), Craygrain is trying to defend Eliot from anti-Semitism accusations. Looking back on the book in 2006, Paul Dean said he does not believe Rennes' assertions. Still he said, In the final analysis, it is argued that Eliot might have been compromised as a person, just like Rennes in justice.In another comment published by Rain in 2006, Literature Critic Terry Eagleton also questioned Ryan's Elliott's defense against the character deficits as well as Ryan's books: Critics why they wrote like affectionate parents Do not you listen to the criticisms of children you dislike, thinking that you need to protect the writers, Elliott's reputation has no profit as much as the established archangel Gabriel?

Law of Business Associations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Law of Business Associations - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that the question concerning the scope, form, and content of directors' duties is a long-standing problem in company law and corporate governance. The issue has proved to be one of the most challenging to solve. For a long time, the duties of directors have been derived from the common law, equitable principles, and legal provisions, mainly the company’s act 1985. According to Foster, some scholars believe that directors play a small role in smooth running of a company. Instead, the board is responsible for their company’s success. However, this is wrong in that both the boards and the directors them self plays a significant role in company’s success. Failure for any of them to perform as expected can lead to collapse of an organization. Although company law has been in existence for a very long time, the Companies Act 2006 received Royal Consent on year 2006. This review of company law was the biggest review of United Kingdom Company raw for a period of 40 years. The review project included a three year detailed investigation by government appointed party, a detailed research on the specific issue by the law commission of England, Wales, and Scotland, and an extensive public consultation on a number of technical issues. The act contained 1,300 sections and 16 schedules. The government will issue more material as regulations made under the act. The Act introduced a new legal right for shareholders to charge their directors in the company’s name.... The act has enabled company auditor to negotiate liability limitation with their customer among many other. In the need to modernize united kingdom company‘s law, two key issues were considered. First, should the law expect from the company any wider social responsibility, or should they be left alone to peruse the objective of making maximum profit for its shareholders. Secondly, should any legislation be more specific about the duties of companies’ directors. The changes made between this two areas, now form the basis for how the company and the outside world expects the director to operate and account for their action. Since the act center around the duties of directors to their companies, it therefore becomes very important to have a clear understanding of who is a director. A company’s director is the person to whom the laws look upon; to run the affairs of a company on behalf of its owners (Martin S.2005). A company is required to have at least one director. Conversely, a public company must have a minimum of two. This is because companies- artificial legal persons- cannot act for themselves- they need to act through other persons. This also applies to private companies that have one or two shareholders. The company must still give at least one director even where an individual is both a shareholder and a director. In such circumstances, the law will still see a technical distinction between the interest of the shareholders company owners and the company directors as the ultimate decision makers on behalf of the company. According to the act, all limited company should have a director. Bearing in mind that a company’s director is one who regularly makes most of the decisions relating to the company, it